BTX products are professionally crafted by Chinese distributors to create classics. BTX, a well-known American manufacturer, specializes in cell fusion and electroporation equipment. Since 1983, demanding researchers have been using BTX products as instruments for applications such as electrofusion and genetic modification. In addition to the world leading electric fusion and genetically modified systems, BTX's products also include up to 25 related accessories, including multiple professional electrodes, providing users with more choices. BTX has also established a technical database, providing over 5000 reference catalogs and more than 600 protocols for scientific research

Application examples
Animal cell transfection (system: ECM630/830)
Transfection of eukaryotic cells can be achieved through various methods, such as calcium phosphate precipitation, liposome transfection, viral methods, and electroporation. Electroporation has been officially recognized as the most effective molecular delivery system for cells where traditional transfection methods are ineffective. The benefits of electroporation include repeatability, higher efficiency, large sample processing, non toxicity, and ease of use (no incubation time required).
Lofin et al. (1999) performed electroporation on NIH/3T3 cells to introduce mRNA, in order to investigate the regulation and control of gene expression by mRNA during the cell cycle and differentiation process. Bodwell et al. (1999) achieved high levels of expression in COS-7 cells after using longer pulse times for electroporation. Warner et al. (1997) successfully transformed lymphocytes using electroporation method. Incyte Genomics has successfully transfected ES cells using a BTX electroporation instrument for the production of transgenic mice. The BTX ECM399 \ \ 630 \ \ 830 instrument, electroporation cup, and various specialized electrodes are all used for animal cell transfection.

Protein electrical integration/insertion (system: ECM630/830)
Protein introduction into cells and insertion into cell membranes can also be achieved through electroporation. Not only peptide segments, but also various proteins including antibodies can be introduced. Ushio Fukai et al. (1998) quantified the exogenous proteins inserted into mammalian cells through electroporation. Multiple BTX electrodes can be used for these purposes.

• Plant cell transformation (system: ECM630/830)
Electroporation of plant protoplasts (such as corn, tobacco, etc.) and intact plants can be used to produce genetically modified crops useful for agriculture/horticulture. One of the main purposes of plant cell transformation is to stably transform plant cells to produce crops with excellent quality and increased yield. Lin et al. (1997) optimized the electroporation conditions for GUS expression on various plants, and the results showed that both intact plant cells and protoplasts could be effectively transformed. Diaz et al. (1994) conducted similar optimization experiments on the protoplasts of leaves and roots of wheat and oats, demonstrating the effectiveness of electroporation in plant work. These authors also compared the differences between electroporation and PEG, and found that electroporation is more effective, reproducible, and economical. BTX is the world's specialized electrode for in vivo transfection. For these purposes, various BTX electrodes can be used, such as 2-pin arrays, vernier scale electrodes, and Tweezertapes.
Transfection of adherent cells - ACT (system: ECM630/830)
In addition to electroporation of suspended cells in regular sample cups, in situ electroporation can also be performed on adherent cells on various culture plates. This can avoid digesting cells with trypsin and help maintain cell activity and number. Lewis et al. (1999) transfected genes into human and venous endothelial cells using culture dish electrodes. Paptis et al. (1998) studied signal transduction by in situ electroporation of NIH/3T3 cells grown on conductive glass slides. Teruel et al. (1999) also transferred DNA, RNA, and various macromolecules into hippocampal neurons located on glass slides. BTX provides PP35-2, 366, 747, 840 and Epizap electrode systems for transfection of adherent cells (ACT). Please stay tuned for new products developed for these purposes in the near future

High throughput screening - HTS (system: ECM630/830)
High throughput screening and establishment of cDNA libraries require the ability to process multiple samples at once. Using traditional sample cups is costly and time limited. However, the electrodes used in the 96 well plate are certainly useful for these types of applications. Hoffman Tosay et al. (1994) used a 96 well coaxial electrode to detect 8 chemical substances in plant fusion experiments. Peterfy et al. (1995) compared various types of porous electrodes for delivering DNA into COS-7 cells. Marrero et al. (1997) used porous electrodes to conduct antibodies into vascular smooth muscle cells to induce cell proliferation. BTX currently offers 747 and 840 for such purposes and is constantly developing new products.

In vivo Gene Transfer (IVGD) (System: ECM830)
In the non viral technology of gene transfer in vivo, injecting plasmid DNA directly into muscles is simple, inexpensive, and safe. Aihara and Miyazaki (1998) * pointed out that by combining DNA injection with electroporation in muscle, expression can be enhanced by 100 times.

Mir et al. (1999) used multiple types of electrodes to deliver genes into skeletal muscles of various species (rats, mice, rabbits, monkeys). Their results showed that through the use of electroporation and DNA injection: (1) the efficiency of gene transfer was greatly increased, with only a 2-4 fold increase in expression; (2) The differences between different experiments have narrowed, which is the main drawback of DNA injection alone; (3) The duration of expression is very long (several months), which is crucial for long-term clinical applications; (4) Different muscles of different species have positive reactions, indicating widespread availability; (5) Gene expression is highly specific and only localized, without affecting surrounding tissues. This technique has been successfully applied to other tissues such as the liver, testes, and skin.

Recently, Vicat et al. (1999) used an in vivo electroporation device to deliver genes to mouse brain tissue. Compared with the method of combining pCMV luc, a non viral vector known as powerful brain tissue gene transfer, with PolyEthylenlmine, the efficiency of electroporation is 50 times higher. Nishi et al. demonstrated that effective gene transfer of glioma can be achieved through electroporation. Nishi also showed that tumor growth was blocked by 50-90% after performing electric gene therapy on solid tumors. Dean et al. successfully introduced the gene into the complete mesenteric artery. Electroporation has been proven to be a promising technology for somatic gene/drug transfer, with many novel applications. BTX company's specially designed 2-pin array electrode Genetrodes、 Caliper electrodes and Tweezer tapes provide methods for invasive and invasive gene transfer into tissues.

Intracellular Gene Transfer (IOGD) (System: ECM830)
Muramatsu et al. (1997) compared three transfection methods for transferring exogenous genes into early chicken embryos for expression. He found that compared with liposome transfection and gene gun, electroporation is the most effective method. Takeuchi et al. (1999) used electroporation technology to transfect early chicken embryos with tbx5 and tbx4 genes to determine the wing/leg markers of limb buds.
Special electrodes have been developed for this purpose. Genetrode and L-shaped needle electrodes are used to determine specific regions of chicken embryos and targeted tissues. Many researchers have transfected eye, heart, or limb tissues, facilitating further research on developmental biology methods. The newly launched foot control switch has remote control function, which allows ECM830 to be activated without manual operation, which is very important for in vitro, in vivo, and in vitro embryo use.

In vitro embryo gene transfer (IVEGD) (system: ECM830)
Tasaki et al. (1999) discussed the application of electroporation in vitro mouse embryos. Mouse embryos have a columnar structure and require more embryo culture medium manipulation than poultry. It is possible to perform electroporation on embryos for ectopic expression research. The gene expression in the posterior brain of mice has been observed. This technique was also used in mouse embryos 9.5 days after mating to investigate the function of Hu genes in neural differentiation. BTX provides a new electrode for these purposes: Genepads.

• Embryo manipulation/nuclear transfer/animal cloning (system: ECM2001/830)
Nuclear transfer is the process of transferring the nucleus of a cell from a donor to a recipient. The nucleus guides the development of the embryo, leading to the safe birth of new organisms. During this process, electrofusion is used to fuse donor cells with recipient oocytes, further activating cell division and forming embryos. Meng et al. (1997) extended nuclear transfer technology to primate models and cloned rhesus monkeys. The advancement of technology enables researchers to progress from blastomeres to more highly differentiated embryonic cells and quiescent embryonic cells as a source of nuclear supply. The cells produced by embryos are cultured in vitro for 6-13 generations, and then subjected to serum starvation to immobilize the cells before transfer. As mentioned earlier, Roble, Cibelli, and Stice were the first to report in 1998 the use of non aging embryonic fibroblasts as nuclear donors for nuclear transfer, resulting in the production of sheep cloned transgenic cattle. Ian Wilmut shocked the world in 1996 when he produced * animal clones from adult mammary gland cells - Dolly. The ability to clone differentiated adult cells has opened the door to the exciting mode of gene therapy, which is widely used in nuclear transplantation. The most recent successful case is PPL Therapeutics cloning pigs from adult somatic cells. For these purposes, various cell fusion sample pools and micro slides can be used.
technical specifications
Working condition: Equipped with power on self-test function
Interface: Digital User Interface
Input voltage: 110VAC/220Hz
Charging time: maximum 5 seconds (without delay)
Voltage range: 5-500V Low voltage working mode continuously adjustable/1V each time adjustable
20-3000V high voltage working mode/5V adjustment each time
Pulse width selection: 10 μ s-999 μ s low voltage working mode/1 μ s accuracy
1ms-999ms high voltage working mode/1ms accuracy
1s-10s low voltage working mode/0.1s accuracy
10 μ s-600 μ s high voltage working mode/1 μ s accuracy
Number of pulses: 1-99
Pulse interval: 100ms-10s
Safety: Anti short circuit protection design
Other indicators: Capacity: 4000 μ F
Current capacity: 10 μ s 500A
Physical parameters: Size: 12.5 'x 12.25' x 5.5 '(W x D x H)
Weight: 15 pounds (6.8 kilograms)
Display: 20 × 4-digit LCD screen
Controller: Rotating voltage selector knob
Press type power switch and ping-pong trigger switch
Serial interface: RS232 and RS485
Monitoring: capable of monitoring and displaying voltage (V), time (t), number of pulses (n)